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Anglo-Spanish War (1779–83)
The Anglo-Spanish War was a conflict from 1779 and 1783 over colonial supremacy between the Kingdom of Spain and the Kingdom of Great Britain, with Spain supporting the Thirteen Colonies during the War of American Independence. In 1776 Spain began joint funding of Roderigue Hortalez and Company, a trading company which provided crucial military supplies. Spain also financed the 1781 Siege of Yorktown with a collection of gold and silver in Havana. Like France, Spain saw the Revolution as an opportunity to weaken the British Empire (which had given the country substantial losses in the Seven Years' War). However, many in Spain believed that the new country (a descendant of Great Britain) would share the latter's aggression and imperial ambitions and try to capture long-held Spanish territories. As a result, the Spanish did not forge a direct military treaty with the United States; instead, it allied with France through the Bourbon Family Compact.〔Spain & the Independence of the United States; An Intrinsic Gift. Thomas Chavez P.86〕
==Aid to the colonies: 1776–1778==
Spanish aid was supplied to the colonies through four main routes: from French ports with the funding of Roderigue Hortalez and Company; through New Orleans and up the Mississippi River; from warehouses in Havana, and from Bilbao through the Gardoqui family trading company.
Smuggling from New Orleans began in 1776, when Charles Lee sent two Continental Army (the army of the Thirteen Colonies) officers to request supplies from New Orleans governor Luis de Unzaga. De Unzaga, concerned about antagonizing the British before the Spanish were prepared for war, agreed to assist the rebels covertly. He authorized a crucial shipment of gunpowder in a transaction brokered by Oliver Pollock, a patriot (revolutionary) and financier.〔Caughey, p. 87〕 When Bernardo de Gálvez was appointed Governor of New Orleans in January 1777, he continued and expanded these supply operations.〔Mitchell, p. 99〕
As Benjamin Franklin reported from Paris to the Congressional Committee of Secret Correspondence in March 1777, the Spanish court quietly admitted the rebels to the wealthy, previously-restricted port of Havana with most favored nation status. Franklin noted in his report that three thousand barrels of gunpowder were waiting in New Orleans, and merchants in Bilbao "had orders to ship for us such necessaries as we might want."〔Sparks, 1:201〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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